000			04700cam a2200421 i 4500
001			22909583
005			20240415115628.0
008			221222s2023 nyua b 001 0deng
010			_a 2022057243
020			_a9781531500122 _q(hardback)
020			_a9781531500269 _q(paperback)
020			_z9781531500139 _q(epub)
040			_aDLC _beng _erda _cDLC _dDLC _dMiTN
042			_apcc
043			_an-us---
050	0	0	_aUH629.3 _b.G74 2023
082	0	0	_a362.208835500973 _223/eng/20230206
100	1		_aGreene, Rebecca Schwartz,
245	1	0	_aBreaking point : _bthe ironic evolution of psychiatry in World War II / _cRebecca Schwartz Greene.
246	3	0	_aIronic evolution of psychiatry in World War II
250			_aFirst edition.
264		1	_aNew York : _bFordham University Press, _c2023.
300			_axiii, 459 pages : _billustrations ; _c24 cm.
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _bn _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _bnc _2rdacarrier
490	0		_aWorld War II : the global, human, and ethical dimension
500			_aBased on the author's doctoral dissertation "The Role of the Psychiatrist in World War II" submitted at Columbia University in 1977.
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 405-439) and index.
505	0		_aMobilizing for War -- Military Necessity Overrides Psychiatric Skepticism -- Debating Screening's Viability -- Psychiatric Policy Making in the Throes of War -- The Public Reaction -- The Response of Psychiatrists -- The Horrors of War and Beginnings of Change -- From Prediction to Prevention -- Limits to Prevention and Treatment -- Return to Normalcy -- From "War Man" to "Peace Man".
520			_a"This book informs the public for the first time about the impact of American psychiatry on soldiers during World War II. Breaking Point is the first in-depth history of American psychiatry in World War II. Drawn from unpublished primary documents, oral histories, and the author's personal interviews and correspondence over years with key psychiatric and military policymakers, it begins with Franklin Roosevelt's endorsement of a universal Selective Service psychiatric examination followed by Army and Navy pre- and post-induction examinations. Ultimately, 2.5 million men and women were rejected or discharged from military service on neuropsychiatric grounds. Never before or since has the United States engaged in such a program. In designing Selective Service Medical Circular No. 1, psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan assumed psychiatrists could predict who might break down or falter in military service or even in civilian life thereafter. While many American and European psychiatrists questioned this belief, and huge numbers of American psychiatric casualties soon raised questions about screening's validity, psychiatric and military leaders persisted in 1942 and 1943 in endorsing ever tougher screening and little else. Soon, families complained of fathers and teens being drafted instead of being identified as psychiatric 4Fs, and Blacks and Native Americans, among others, complained of bias. A frustrated General George S. Patton famously slapped two "malingering" neuropsychiatric patients in Sicily (a sentiment shared by Marshall and Eisenhower, though they favored a tamer style). Yet psychiatric rejections, evacuations, and discharges mounted. While psychiatrist Roy Grinker and a few others treated soldiers close to the front in Tunisia in early 1943, this was the exception. But as demand for manpower soared and psychiatrists finally went to the field and saw that combat itself, not "predisposition," precipitated breakdown, leading military psychiatrists switched their emphasis from screening to prevention and treatment. But this switch was too little too late and slowed by a year-long series of Inspector General investigations even while numbers of psychiatric casualties soared. Ironically, despite and even partly because of psychiatrists' wartime performance, plus the emotional toll of war, postwar America soon witnessed a dramatic growth in numbers, popularity, and influence of the profession, culminating in the National Mental Health Act (1946). But veterans with "PTSD," not recognized until 1980, were largely neglected"-- _cProvided by publisher.
610	2	0	_aUnited States. _bSelective Service System (1940-1942)
650		0	_aMilitary psychiatry _zUnited States _xHistory _y20th century.
650		0	_aSoldiers _xMental health _zUnited States.
650		0	_aWar neuroses _zUnited States _xHistory _y20th century.
650		0	_aWorld War, 1939-1945 _xPsychological aspects.
651		0	_aUnited States _xArmed Forces _xRecruiting, enlistment, etc.
999			_c524306 _d524306